Known as the "Father of Chang E ," the Chinese Academy of Sciences , China 's lunar exploration project Ouyang Ziyuan , chief scientist has described Chinese lunar rover future boarding scene . It is reported that China will launch later this year, the first lunar landing probe - Chang-e III .
Has drawn attention is that the launch of Chang E III will be equipped with a self-developed country by the " China card" lunar rover , and the first to achieve direct contact with the moon. " Rover " full name " lunar rover " is set aerospace systems engineering and integrated intelligent robot spacecraft to complete lunar exploration , study, collection and analysis of samples and other complex tasks .
Zhonghua ready
Chinese lunar rover by the Institute of Aerospace Technology Group is primarily responsible for the development of the fifth , weight 120 kg , can load 20 kg , the life of three months , you can walk for 10 kilometers on the moon within a 3 km range , with automatic obstacle avoidance capabilities.
Ouyang noted that due to the surface of the moon there is no air , so when you need to open the engine rover decline , while pushing up off the side , and slowly fall to four meters away from the position of the moon, turn off the engine , the instrument will use the free fall mode , soft landing on the moon. Meanwhile, China will achieve autonomous rover navigation and command of the instrument can be operated , and finally the data back to Earth . Measured under the moon rover is also equipped with radar , where the moon will be cut below 100 m depth probing .
According to experts, China has two sun moon car instrument , one can rotate freely, looking for sun position , absorb heat for power generation ; another cover on the vehicle body can reduce heat dissipation. China lunar rover using " six rocker " Walking agencies, only the wheels can simultaneously accommodate different heights , is a "creeping master ."
In addition it also has a robotic arm that can in lunar soil , lunar rocks sampled in the exploration for field testing . Meanwhile , the Chinese lunar rover solar and nuclear power as an energy source . Because the moon is roughly equivalent to 14 days interval between day and night on Earth, so when darkness falls , to prevent car instrument is low temperature of minus 100 degrees Celsius frozen , the rover must be nuclear energy to heat the battery , and maintain communication with the ground . When the new day dawns , the battery will be able to work again rely on solar energy .
Romans probe
Moon is a no wind , no rain , no water, no gas , hot and cold celestial upheaval , with the global environment very different . Therefore , the Chinese lunar rover want to successfully complete the task , we must make full preparations to be able to adapt to that environment.
As the lunar day and night temperature , daytime temperatures up to 130-150 degrees Celsius at night can drop to minus 160-180 degrees Celsius, the rover how long the work under extreme temperature conditions is a challenge ; surface of the moon has no atmosphere to protect the solar wind , the sun direct radiation flares and other energetic particles into the surface of the moon , lunar rover part would highly integrated microelectronic devices damage ; gravity on the lunar surface of the Earth's surface only 1/6 of the rover can complete action on the lunar surface low gravity will also be a great test ; lunar surface regolith is an important factor driving performance of the rover .
It is understood that the entire lunar surface is covered with a loose layer of rock fragments, brecciated rock , sand and dust composition, known as regolith . As the lunar soil soft , so when traveling above the lunar rover easily slip.
In addition, the rover walking, also a lot of fine-grained lunar regolith raised , forming lunar dust , it is difficult to remove once attached . Meanwhile, the lunar dust may also cause a lot of problems, including mechanical structure stuck, sealing mechanism failure , decreased sensitivity and other optical systems .
Professor Gao Feng of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , was involved in the early stage of the lunar rover research demonstration and validation testing ground . The reporter learned that the Chinese lunar rover , the " overnight wake up" is a problem , not only to undergo a battery of tests , it is important to withstand the test of low temperature of minus 160-180 degrees Celsius .
Academician Ye Shuhua also believes that the difficulty of living on the moon as much as the moon , because the moon's night low temperature, long time , described as " tough night ."
Moon steady
November 17, 1970 , the Soviet Union , " the moon on the 17th ," probe to the moon , the release of the first lunar rover car in the true sense . Subsequently, the United States, " Apollo 15 " spacecraft will be the first human to send a manned lunar rover . During 1959-1976 , the Soviet Union and the United States were successfully launched 25 and 24 unmanned lunar probe, the human exploration of the moon also will be the first to reach a climax .
July 20, 1986 , experienced a 10-year low tide , the United States announced the return to the moon , the Soviet Union , Europe and Japan have organized forces to study , have proposed the development plan. January 6, 1998 , with the United States, " Lunar Prospector " The successful launch of space exploration activities and set off a new round of wave.
To sum up , the human exploration of the moon can be divided into lunar , lunar month and in three strides , namely, " Exploration, Gordon , stationed ." At present , China is in the first phase, that is, " explore " the main direction and follow the " lunar exploration , sangrakwol detection, sampling returns" is divided into three small step steadily.
It is reported that China is carrying out a manned moon landing early demonstration program , experts have suggested to China 's manned moon landing in 2025 or 2030 . Jia Yang China Academy of Space Technology for deep space exploration director pointed out that China is currently in lunar exploration technology "three-step strategy " that are used in related fields can also be used in future manned lunar landing .
Link: around, down , back 3 Tasks
China 's lunar exploration project is divided into "around , fall back " three tasks , expected in the second half of 2013 , China will implement " Chang-e III" launch and sangrakwol tasks. "Around" , namely the implementation of control experiments on lunar satellite orbit and the lunar surface probe ; "fall" , the upcoming lunar probe on the lunar surface and the lunar landing site visit ; the last step "back" , is completed after the moon fieldwork , samples will be collected in kind on the moon back to Earth.
Currently, " Chang E One" and " Chang-e II" satellite have been completed moon lunar flight , marking the first phase of China's lunar exploration program has been completed.
About to launch later this year , " Chang-e III" will be the first time in extraterrestrial celestial unmanned automatic surface inspection, for the first time ( detector ) Moonlight survival , first established covering Mars range monitoring and control communication networks , for the first time on the lunar surface to carry out independent bit scientific exploration .
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